The Miracle of Fossilization

Life is full of everyday miracles.  The sort of things that are so unlikely to happen, it’s amazing they happen at all.

 

Take fossils for example.  Let’s start with something big- a sauropod, or long-necked dinosaur.  Should be easy to fossilize right?

Unfortunately we need a dead one for our fossil, so let’s skip the sad story.

Let’s just say an old brachiosaurus (Let’s call him old Mr. B) came to the riverbank for one last drink of water…Now we have a very large feast for scavengers all up and down the riverbank.  They won’t have to worry about hunting for months!  Well, maybe weeks, depending on how many critters are joining the buffet.

Mr. B is not going to stay in one piece.  A leg over here…head gone…a chunk of tail in the belly of another…By the time the scavengers are done picking the bones clean, bits and pieces are going to be scattered and broken all over the riverbank.

That pile of bones bleaches in the sun for a few more months.  The bones dry out and turn brittle.  Insects and small, nocturnal mammals with ever-growing teeth gnaw on them.

The skies turn dark, storm clouds gather, and a week of constant rain raises the river.  More rain from the north rushes in, and in a few short hours, flood waters pour in strong enough to uproot trees and toss huge rocks as easily as pebbles.

The rush of water and debris lifts the heavy bones and carries them downriver.  A few ribs catch on the roots of a thick, strong tree, but the other bones are torn free and get carried on.  A leg bone settles in a small undercurrent and sinks into a deeper spot in the river.  The rest of the bones get carried on…

On and on, the skeleton is fragmented by the force of the water.

Silt- dirt and debris carried by the current- covers the bones.

Over time, enough layers of silt build up and are flattened by the layers above them.  Water, pressure, and time cement the layers of silt into sedimentary rock like sandstone and mudstone.

Water seeps down through the rock.  Bone is porous, and so water can seep through it.  The water leaves mineral deposits behind, like the hard water deposits that build up in the dishwasher.

Like a sponge drenched in salt water and left to dry in the sun, the bones slowly harden like solid rock.

But that’s not all.  It’s not enough to be fossilized.  The rock needs to stay intact.

The earth is constantly moving.  Rocks that hold fossils can be pushed down and melted in Earth’s liquid mantle.  Or pushed up into mountains, only to be erased by wind and rain.

As if that wasn’t enough, we have to find these fossils.  Exposed fossil bone erodes quickly in the face of wind, rain, and sun.  Scientists usually have good ideas where to find fossils based on previous discoveries, but many times it’s the kid playing by the bluff who finds them.  Or the hiker who sees that spot in the rock that doesn’t look like the rest…

Even when the fossil is found, it can be lost, destroyed, or stolen.

archaeopteryx fossil

My point here is, it’s amazing we have any fossils at all!  More amazing still, the exquisite beauty of fossils like the Lagerstatten of Germany and places like it.  Just look at the archaeopteryx at the top of the paragraph here (those feathers are so perfect, they look better than my chickens’ feathers!).

I am truly humbled to think about the beauty of the world around us, of humanity, of life.  That it’s possible to see remnants of creatures gone for millions of years.  That we can even dream of what they might have looked like.

I look at a fossil like this, and I see a miracle.  And then I look at the world today, see the people in my life…or even just take a moment to watch my hands and the way they move as I type these words…the complexity behind the mechanics of their movement.

An everyday miracle. 🙂

Fleshing Out the Bones Series: 

Critter of the Week: Plesiosaurus

Meet Nessie.  This curious undersea critter is always looking for an opportunity to nab a treat.  You’ll never see her coming!  Her favorite game is hide-&-seek. 🙂

Nessie.png

Look at that smile, I think she wants you to chase her!

Nessie loves hide & seek, especially seeking.  Better watch out, because she’ll sneak up on you from below.  She’s really good at that.  It’s hard to see in the picture here, but her eyes are almost on top of her head and point upwards a lot.

It’s kinda funny, because I made the mistake of doing more research while I was coloring her, and ended up making changes!

Now here is my original sketch…

Plesiosaurus

 

Notice all those little bumps and wrinkles in line of her spine there?  And that little line that marks her jaw line at the back of the skull?

Turns out that what I thought was a beefy, well fed Nessie, was actually 2 weeks from starvation.  No kidding.

The article I read compared two pictures of orca whales beside each other.  One starving, the other healthy.  The healthy one had a perfectly smooth torpedo shape.  The starving one had a defined spine and faint lines defining the shape of the skull.

I didn’t even know whales could get that skinny!  But apparently they do, and when they do, it doesn’t end well.

But I’m not sharing random sad stories.  My point is, that this whale showed the same marks as my Nessie.  And she’s a marine critter perfectly adapted for life in the open water.  It’s reasonable to think she’d have similar adaptations.  Thick layers of insulating fat to keep her warm. 🙂  And less wrinkly, because that just makes it harder to glide through the water.  Essential for predators.

So yay for the magic of contour forming shadows and highlights!  Nessie is now a happy and well fed marine reptile. 🙂

I could experiment more with an even smoother and more blubbery profile, like sea turtles, seals, and orcas- and there’s this neat speculative thing about a stumpy skink tail- but that’ll have to wait until the next sketch. 😛

 

Making progress…

I’m having fun with the blog posts, and I hope you enjoy them as much as I do. 🙂

This week I have a special goal to update the about page.  At the moment it’s too much about me, and not too clear what Pete’s Paleo Petshop means for you.  I love what I’m doing, but ultimately I want it to be for you, and not make it all about me.

It’s important that you get to know me of course.  Who wants to have a one-way conversion with the nameless and faceless website?  I just think the about page could be better.  I could still have the stories about how I got here, just not take center stage. 🙂

Coming Next Week…

This quiet softie loves nothing more than to spend time with his special person.

Share your guess in the comments! He’ll be one of the critters over on the critter page. 🙂

All American Dinos

Happy 4th of July everyone!  I hope you are enjoying the hotdogs, fireworks, family time, and the all around patriotic spirit of the day. 🙂

I really love my country, and everything the founding fathers worked so hard to cultivate in the early years.  So here we have some American dinosaurs to help us celebrate.

From left to right…

That’s all for now!  Thank you for dropping by, and I hope your day is fun and safe. 🙂

 

Critter of the Week: Stegosaurus

Meet Steggy.  She’s a real sweetie who loves nothing more than a pat on the head.  She’ll let just about anybody clamber on her back.  Just be careful not to spook her. 🙂

 

Steggy

 

She’s not the sharpest rock around, but hey, her brain’s the size of a hotdog.  I know there’s that story about a second brain somewhere in her hips, but that’s just ridiculous.  I can’t really say anything about the squishy critters, but no animal with a backbone has two brains. 😛

All of us have a space in our pelvis for the spinal chord and all that good stuff- helps us walk without having to think about it.  That’s how we can walk and talk at the same time. 🙂  Steggy here just has a bigger space for all those nerves, so she doesn’t have to think about swinging her tail when Alfred tries to play Pounce with her.  She just does it.

That’s why sneaking up on a spike-tail is not a good idea.  That tail is a spiked mace of pure muscle, and definitely no fun to be on the receiving end.  The proof that wild spike-tails are dangerous business are all the fossils of Allosaurus with injuries from tail spikes.

Steggy here is nothing to worry about though.  Pete plays lots of surprise games with her, just like horse trainers play training games with racehorses.  It helps them get used to loud sounds and new situations.  You could do just about anything to Steggy and she’d be just fine.  Even dress up! 🙂

 

Making progress…

I’m ashamed to say that I’m falling behind on my posts.  I think I’ve figured out why though…illustrations for both posts of the week is taking more time than I expected.

Of course, I could blame the fact that I have three little ones to keep track of and a house to keep in order. 😛  Some weeks just run more smoothly than others.  I just need to figure out a way to streamline things.  For the moment, I think I’ll either have to limit to one post a week, or stick to one illustrated post for now.  Once I have a process for doing things, then I can start streamlining things to be more efficient with the time I have. 🙂

 

Coming Next Week…

This curious undersea critter is always looking for an opportunity to nab a treat.  You’ll never see her coming!

Share your guess in the comments! She’ll be one of the critters over on the critter page. 🙂

Behind the Scenes: From Thumbnail to Draft Sketch

It’s time for a behind-the-scenes sneak peak on the first installment in the series of Pete’s Paleo Petshop, where anyone can go to find a prehistoric friend to take home.  Time has stopped in the Jurassic Period, the “golden age” of dinosaurs, and Danny and his family have come to the shop to find a quiet, little dinosaur.  Hard to find in an age of giants!

 

Now here we have a few thumbnails.  Thumbnails are small, quick sketches that are used to give the artist an idea for the composition of an image.  In this case, thumbnails are useful for getting an idea for the layout of the illustrations.  Which characters to use, where words might go, how the picture will help the words tell the story…it all starts gelling together in the thumbnail.  Keeping thumbnails small helps force you to leave out detail, which helps to focus on the basic shapes.

flyers thumbnailssauropod thumbnailssteggy thumbnails

Once I figured out which thumbnail I liked best I made it larger and cleaned it up a little.  These drawings are mostly to figure out exactly what I need to find references for.

flyers page

For example.  I looked at a couple of pictures of flying birds to help me with Tango and his buddy on the left here (learn more about him here).  It’s not known if these dinosaurs could actually fly or just glide, so this is speculation on my part.  Short, broad wings are great for maneuvering thick forest, and you don’t need a lot of muscle for short bursts of flight. 🙂

In this case, I needed pictures to get ideas for poses!  And for Terry and her friends on the right…well I needed a few reference pictures to have a clue what I was drawing.  These critters are tough if you don’t draw the classic “silhouette from above/below” pose. 😛

Which makes a great example of what happens in the sketch stage.

In the thumbnail, I had one pterosaur (teh-roh-saw-r) flying past the corner of the page.  An overhead flying view is so overdone I decided to have them perch on the branch instead.  I also changed the species to pterodactylus (teh-roh-dak-tih-lus) since they worked out better for what I needed.  Bonus that these guys are the poster children of the pterosaur group. 🙂

sauropods page

Here we have three famous giants of the Jurassic.

  • Ajax the Apatosaurus (ah-pat-oh-saw-rus)
  • Dippy the Diplodocus (dip-loh-dok-us)
  • Elmer the Brachiosaurus (brak-ee-oh-saw-rus).  Yep, his head is the right shape.  The critter in Jurassic Park is actually a Giraffatitan (giraffe-ah-ty-tan).  I’ll write a post on that at some point.  For now, let’s just say that the Jurassic Park variety is the African breed, and this is the American breed.  They’re completely different species, and have lots of things that make them unique, not just head shape. 🙂

I’ve been doing lots of research on the necks for these guys, so that awesome snakey neck is not random.  And yes, it is an awesome python neck (though this is about the limit of its bendiness.)

Also, can I just say how awesome it is to use a toy as a reference?  Yes, you heard me.  I went out and got a few toys (as accurate as possible) and I’m using those for pose reference.  I don’t have the dippy, but for that one I got pictures of the toy online. 😛

Steggy page

Here we have Steggy the Stegosaurus (steg-oh-saw-rus).  Original name, I know 😛

I used a toy I have for reference here too, but this one isn’t the best model, so I’ll be doing research to make sure I correct those inaccuracies.

I hope you’ve enjoyed this sneak preview!  I’m starting to get an idea of what things will actually look like, and that’s pretty exciting after it’s been stuck in my head for so long!  The words need a lot of work (they kinda suck at the moment), but the gist of the story is there.

I’ll never be fooled into thinking a picture book is easy again! 😀

Now my question for you is…Do you have any questions?  Anything you want to know about what happens behind the scenes? Let me know in the comments!  I’d love to hear from you! 🙂

Critter of the Week: Diplodocus

Meet Dippy!  A giant with a heart of gold, life is never boring when this big guy is around.  Nothing is out of reach!  He’ll stick his nose into everything until every mystery is solved.

 

Dippy.jpg

 

 

Looks like he’s found a very, very big ball to play with.  That ball is pretty much indestructible, and something that comes in handy when you have curious giants like Dippy around.  He loves food just as much as your average sauropod, but Dippy is…how shall I say?  Easily distracted. 😛

Dippy here loves investigating anything new.  He’s not the sharpest rock around, but when you’re this big, brains aren’t a requirement.  I wonder what he plans to do with that ball?  Pete found his old one flattened out in the pasture a couple weeks ago, so we’ll see how long this one lasts.

What’s that you say?  An accident?  Oh no, I’m sure the ball was squished on purpose.  These guys have an amazing sense of touch.  Dippy doesn’t like stepping on certain things, and he’s very careful where he puts his feet (elephants are like this too).

Dippy seems to like the smooth bounciness.  But who doesn’t like to play every now and again? 🙂

 

Making progress…

Hmm, not a whole lot to say this time around.  Just putting one foot in front of the other.  One step at a time.

Moving forward is the most difficult part.  I can’t even begin to say how frightening this is, leaping out into the unknown.  And if I start to think about it for even a moment, the overwhelming list of things I still need to do threaten to bury me.  It’s suffocating actually.

The fear of my family reading this is worse than if you’re a stranger.  I’m not sure why.  Maybe because that position is particularly vulnerable.

Anyway, I’m not saying this to mope, because I hate mopey.  But I’m no Pollyanna either.  Life has both ups and downs, and you’ve got to roll with the punches right? 🙂 Perhaps someday I’ll read this and remember how scared I was at the beginning.  Perhaps I’ll realize then that I’m still just as scared, and still take one step at a time.

Even more important, I hope that this will encourage you.  If you are thinking of leaping out into something unknown.  You’re not alone.

Listening to experts who truly know their stuff is very encouraging.  So I’m just going to share a lovely piece of advice from T. Harv Eker, who I was listening to this morning.  (I don’t get anything for this, BTW, it’s just awesome advice I hope you’ll find as helpful to you as it is for me)

“Fear is the anticipation of pain.  Act in spite of fear.”

 

And another awesome quote I’ve been hearing a lot lately…

 

“Just do it.”

 

 

Coming Next Week…

A real sweetie who’ll tolerate just about anything, even dress up.  Just be careful not to spook her.

Share your guess in the comments! She’ll be one of the critters over on the critter page. 🙂

Prehistoric Beasts or Movie Monsters? Why Paleoart Matters

Let’s imagine I have two pictures in hand. In one, a photo of a lion with his lips pulled back into a snarl. Canines like steak knives glisten with saliva, and he stares straight at you with hungry yellow eyes…What’s your first impression?

 

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Now let’s take a look at the other photo. Here we have a portrait of another lion. This one lays on a rock, at peace. He looks off towards the sunset, and the warm light of late afternoon highlights his soft mane. What’s your take on this one? How do you feel about this calm lion vs. The snarling one?

 

adelor1_0.jpg

 

 

Images and art have power to shape how we think and feel about things. Imagine you’ve never seen a real lion before, and the only thing you know about lions is that snarling picture above.  Now let’s bring a real lion into the picture.  Just for fun.  What happens?  How do you react?

Yeah, it’s not gonna be pretty.  I’d like to think I wouldn’t make a big deal out of it either, but that’s just wishful thinking. 😛

Now think about how much power art has to shape our image of animals gone for centuries. Ask anyone, and chances are that when you say dinosaur, many people think Jurassic Park. Now I love the original Jurassic Park. It fueled my interest in dinosaurs! But those things- sorry to break it to you, if you didn’t know- are not dinosaurs. Those are monsters.

No matter how many times Chris Pratt says “These animals.”

Dinosaurs are so often written off as a “kid” thing. An interest that’s only a phase kids have, like unicorns and dragons. I’ve gotta be honest though. I don’t really blame anyone who says dinosaurs don’t matter.  I so often see bad computer models of some random predator with blood dripping from its claws.  Toys that claim “museum quality” portray the same predators with mouth wide open, teeth gleaming as they roar to the universe.

Even in museums, the skeletons and painted reconstructions are usually in the same style.  The predator (usually T-rex or something big and scary) has one three-toed foot over the throat of some hapless victim as it roars in triumph.  Or is seconds away from making the death strike.

Put that way, what makes dinosaurs any different from dragons and other fantasy critters? (well, aside from the whole fire-breathing magic thing)

It’s so easy to emphasize a predator’s size and power.  Sharp teeth, scaly skin, stomping feet…all great bits to exaggerate into something totally unreal.  Just look at all the hoaky B-rated monster movies on sharks, crocs, snakes, spiders…you name it!  Same principle.

We don’t need monster sharks, crocs, or dinosaurs. That only breeds misunderstanding and fear for the animal itself.

If all we see is this…

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Then how does that shape how we think about gators?  This big guy looks mean and scary, and then all those stories of alligator attacks in the everglades come to mind.

If we see more of this…

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Then this mama gator and her hitchhiking baby all of a sudden look almost endearing.  They look normal, and we can see them for the animals they are, vs. the potential killer monster in the toothy picture above.

Now how can we use this in our art?

Should we draw a predatory dinosaur with mouth open wide, teeth glistening, every skull opening visible as it roars at its helpless victim? Or perhaps we can illustrate the predator resting in the shade of a tree, maybe watching a herd of herbivores in the distance.

Of course, I’m not dictating what you should draw.  But not every moment is a life & death struggle, and animals get bored too.  They do things that surprise us, and pictures like this show little snapshots in the everyday lives of these animals. (lol, didn’t realize I did that until after I said it 😀 )

Art has power, and the public’s view of dinosaurs is slowly changing to keep up with the science.  Dinosaurs aren’t dumb lugs doomed for extinction anymore, or bloodthirsty killing machines. Now they are as normal, wonderful, and beautiful as today’s birds.

Just take a look at the beautiful birdiness of Emily Willoughby’s art, and the crazy normal, everydayness John Conway portrays in his art. (I don’t get anything for saying this.  I just love their work!)

We can highlight the wonders of today by illustrating the wonders of the past. How cool is that? 😀

So here’s my question to you.  What do you like to see in paleoart?  Do you think it has the power to shape how we see prehistoric animals?  I’d love to hear from you in the comments!

Critter of the Week: Allosaurus

Meet Alfred.  The lion of the Jurassic!  The prince of the Mesozoic! The…oh, there he goes after another butterfly.  All he needs to be happy in life is his food, his chew toy, and a nice long nap.

 

Alfred

 

Looks like Alfred has found something to chase.  No worries though, that butterfly has nothing to fear, and he’ll give up soon enough.  Allosaurus (ah-low-saw-rus) wasn’t very fast, but he can’t help it- if it runs off, he’s got to chase it!  After a quick sprint, Alfred loves to settle under the shade of a tree and take a nice nap.

What’s that you say?  He’s a fearsome predator?  Well yes, yes he is.  Take a quick look at lions, and tigers, and bears (oh my!), and most of the time you’ll actually catch them napping.  Crocodiles and eagles, Alfred’s closest living relatives, also do a lot of nothing.  Once you have a full belly, why not enjoy a siesta in the sun?  🙂

 

Making progress…

 

I have my computer back! 😀 It’s always so nice when problems resolve sooner than expected, and not a single hiccup in the posts. 🙂  Hehe, gotta celebrate the small wins in life, amiright?

I hope that these small progress updates are as inspiring for you as they are for me.  Even though I’ve only been doing this for a month or so, it’s actually really exciting to see things grow.  It’s kinda like having pictures.  Just hanging around my kids, everything seems about the same all the time.  But if I look back at pictures even from just a week ago, I suddenly realize how fast they’re growing up.

The same with this website.  Not long ago, this site was a vacant lot.  Now it has a house and I’m starting to bring in furniture.  😛  Life is good.  Busy, and I have to work very hard to stay focused, but good.  🙂

 

Coming Next Week…

A giant with a heart of gold, life is never boring when this big guy is around.  Nothing is out of reach!  He’ll stick his nose into everything until every mystery is solved.

Share your guess in the comments! He’ll be one of the critters over on the critter page. 🙂

Making Marks

Pencil in hand, I settle into the plush couch and slap my sketchbook onto my lap.  The smell of warm chai sits ready on the small nightstand beside me, and I take a small sip of the peppery tea as I flip open to a blank page.  I set the mug down on the table and hold the pencil to the page…but nothing happens.

 

– Have you ever started to draw something, but ended up simply staring at the blank page, not knowing where to start?

– Have you started a drawing, only to get frustrated with it partway through?

– Maybe you’re just tired of your drawings.  Maybe you feel stuck and don’t know why.

– Maybe you haven’t tried at drawing since grade school, and have no idea where to start.  Or if you can draw.

I’ve definitely been through the first three at least a dozen or two times.  🙂

I have a lovely little book that’s great to turn to at these times, The Confident Creative, written by Cat Bennet. (I’m not earning anything by saying this, I just happen to own it and think it’s helpful 🙂 )  Cat suggests to make marks, like toddlers do.  She says…

“Making marks frees our hand from the judgments of our mind and catapults us into the space of playfulness and presence.  How can the mind complain when we’re just fooling around?”

It’s surprising how hard just making simple marks on paper can be, so it’s good that there are some exercises in the book.  I also watch my kids draw and take a few clues from them.  🙂

Little Bird has the bold scribbles of a two-year-old.  She presses the colored pencils down hard, and chooses the brightest colors.

Mariel's drawing

3-year-old Bug holds his pencil carefully at it’s end.  His lines are more delicate- thin lines in one corner, a small circle in the center, and he makes a long, winding line around the whole paper.

“It’s a road.” he says. I ask him if the smaller circle is a car, since it’s right next to the road.

“No,” he says, as if it should be obvious. “That’s a puddle.  The car drives around it.”

 

So I grabbed my sketchbook, nabbed the first color to reach my fingers out of the bag,  and drew a small circle in the middle of the page. I held my pencil loosely at it’s end, like Bug did.  A squiggle around it.  Add a few lines- no end in mind, just drawing squiggle marks, lines, and circles.  Just to see what would happen if I tried on purpose not to draw anything.

Suddenly, I realized a pattern was forming.  So I went with it, and before I knew it I had filled up the whole page.  🙂

flower scribble.jpg

Sometimes even this simple exercise can be pretty daunting to me.  The blank paper can be pretty intimidating!  So when this happens I draw lines and shadows.  Here’s what that usually looks like…

pencil test lines

I never draw with pen, so I tried that out next, just to shake things up. 🙂

pen test lines

Scribbling with mediums you don’t normally paint or draw with is exciting and fun!  No pressure to do it the “right” way, since you don’t really know much about it.  And it’s cool to find out what it can do!

watercolor experiment.JPG

I’m sorry about the quality of the photo.  This is the first time I’ve photographed art, so there’s definitely a learning curve here.  Watercolor on dry paper is on the left, watercolor on wet paper to the right- in case you can’t see what I wrote there. 🙂  Bottom of the left hand column says “water splashed on drying paint.”

Wondering how this can be used in paleoart?

Experiment with what your brush or pencil can do!  Play with soft and hard textures.  What happens if you draw a tight cluster of circles?

These textures are what become scales, feathers, and other elements that suggest detail in a drawing or painting.

 

Play with color, texture, or even mood, and you may be pleasantly surprised with what appears on the page!  🙂

watercolor play

I’ve got a question for you.  Where are you at in your artistic journey?  Stuck?  Loving your craft?  Or don’t really draw much, but always wanted to learn?  I’d love to hear from you in the comments!  🙂